2018年uscpa考试《财务会计与报告far》常考知识点
作者： 发布时间：2018-12-03 17:11
2018年尊龙凯时官方旗舰店q4考季马上结束了，泽稷教育小编为帮助广大学员全力冲刺备考接下来的考试，特别为同学们总结了《财务会计与报告far》的常考知识点：现金流——cash flow。
module 2：statement of cash flows（i）
1.presentation requirements
●fs must includes statements of cfs
●provides information of cash receipts from and cash disbursements to by each activities
●information of material noncash events also presents
●us.gaap does not require disclosing cash flow per share
●ifrs does not prohibit presentation of cash flow per share
2.cash and cash equivalents
●cash:actual cash（i.e.,currency,demand deposits）
●cash equivalents:short-term liquid investment
●readily convertible into certain amounts of cash
●so near maturity that the risk of changes in the value because of interest rate changes is insignificant.
e.g.treasury bills;
<90 days original maturity period high liquid investments
note:bank overdraft is not cash under us.gaap,but can be included in cash under ifrs.
要点一：
现金等价物：
-高流动性，可快速变现（充分流通的市场）短期票据/投资
-原始到期日（变现期限）小于90天
-现金价值金额固定或几乎无价值变动风险
-公司对现金等价物有明确会计政策，并在fs中充分披露
3.cash flow statement（cfs）
statement of cf reconcile cash&cash equivalents from beginning balance to ending balance
composed by:
●operating cash flows（cfo）,from transactions reported on the i/s,and current assets and current liabilities.
●investing cash flows（cfi）,from noncurrent assets.
●financing cash flows（cff）,from debt（non-current liabilities）and equity.
●cash and cash equivalent beginning balance cfo cfi cff（net increase/decrease in cash）
=cash and cash equivalent ending balance
●methods of edit cfo
–the direct method（encourage）
–the indirect method
direct/indirect method only different on cfo
the cfi&cff are the same.
4.direct method
convert each major item on i/s into cashable ones
●present major classes of cfo
e.g.cash received from customer,cash paid to suppliers and employees
●noncash items do not appear
e.g.depreciation,amortization,depletion,equity method income
●reconciliation of ni to cfo is required as a separate schedule under u.s.gaap.
要点二：
major cfo items calculation
公式：各项损益表经营性项目 /-资产负债表项目变化
1）cash received from customers
=revenue…………………………accrual basis
–receivable increase
receivable decrease
increase in unearned revenue
–decrease in unearned revenue
2）cash paid to suppliers
=cost of goods sold…………………accrual basis
inventory increase
-inventory decrease
-ap increase
ap decrease
3）cash paid to employees
=salaries and wages payable……………accrual basis
-wages payable increase
wages payable decrease
4）other operating cash payments
=other operating expenses………………accrual basis
prepaid expense increase
-prepaid expense decrease
accrued liabilities decrease
-accrued liabilities increase
module 2：statement of cash flows（ii）
5.indirect method
●debit balance accounts:
ar,inventory,prepaid expense,dta
●credit balance accounts:
ap,accrued expense,unearned revenue,dtl
●non cash expense:
depreciation,amortization,depletion,allowance/provision，goodwill impairment
●non cash income:
income by payment of property,service,securities,cod.
●none operating gain/loss
remove and analyze actual net receipt from cfo to cfi
e.g.gain/loss from sales of pp&e or land,should be removed from ni,instead report in cfi the full proceeds received from sales of pp&e or land.
undistributed earned on entity investment,removed from ni.report actual dividends received in cfo.
要点三:经营净现金流间接法计算
●净利润为起点，调整非现金收支和非经营项目
●非现金收入主要考虑非现金对价的收入,如对价为实物资产，股权，证券，cod等
●非现金支出主要考虑：1）折旧摊销等为满足匹配原则的长期成本回收项目2）为满足谨慎性原则的准备和减值项目
●将长期资产购置处置，股权投资购置，收益及处置，和融资内容调整至cfi,cff，并将其中的非现金部分单独补充说明
●timing difference经营性净收入口径由accrual basis调整为cash basis
调整资产和负债中应计（收现延迟），和预提（付现延迟）项目，及预收（收现提前）和预付（付现提前）项目，以流动性项目为主
●部分非现金及资产负债项目的分析
如存在坏账核销，由于坏账核销不影响当期净损益但影响ar期末数据，应在ni的非现金ar调整中剔除
债券溢价或折价发行时，cash paid for interest应考虑损益表项目利息费用 /-债券溢价/折价的摊销
e.g.amortization of bond discount has to be added back to net income to get the cfo.（interest paid is in cfo）
利息资本化和非资本化的内容分别计算，资本化部分cfi，非资本化部分cfo
当期折旧费用可以通过b/s累计折旧/净值的变化，剔除pp&e购置或处置带来的折旧/净值变化因素得到。
■5-2 cfi
purchase or sale of non-current assets
e.g.pp&e,finance assets（available-for-sale,held-to-maturity）,acquiring other entity under acquisition method,loan principle outflow/inflow
■5-3 cff
transactions regarding non-current liabilities and equity
e.g.issue stock,bonds,notes,dividends,repurchase,repay principle，treasury stock transaction（note:receipt dividends&interest,paying interest are cfo;paying dividend are cff）
■5-4 noncash invest and finance activities
要点四：非现金投资和融资行为单独披露，分项说明
supplemental schedule on noncash investing or financing as they may impact significantly future cf
e.g.purchase pp&e or entity by issuing stock,notes,or by cod.
●conversion bond to equity,preferred share to common share as financing activity（从负债转为权益项目）
●capital lease obligation for acquiring assets
●noncash assets exchange
要点五:所得税和利息单独披露要求
●allocation specifically related with investing or financing taxes to cfi/cff is allowable in ifrs,tax paid separately present in cf is required.
●us gaap requires income taxes paid and interests paid（net of amounts capitalized）be separately presented in cf statement as cfo items,direct method,or disclosed in supplemental disclosure,indirect method
●cash flow per share should not be reported on the statement of cf under u.s.gaap,because it may be misleading and may be incorrectly used as a measure of profitability.
泽稷教育小编预祝每位aicpa学员都将在far考试中取得好成绩！